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Compare Swaziland (2002) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

Compare Swaziland (2002) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

 Swaziland (2002)Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)
 SwazilandAshmore and Cartier Islands
Administrative divisions 4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni -
Age structure 0-14 years: 45.5% (male 254,573; female 256,677)


15-64 years: 51.9% (male 281,645; female 301,071)


65 years and over: 2.6% (male 12,027; female 17,612) (2002 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep -
Airports 18 (2001) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 17


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 10 (2002)		 -
Area total: 17,363 sq km


land: 17,203 sq km


water: 160 sq km		 total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Jersey about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s have pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy. These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate 39.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Budget revenues: $448 million


expenditures: $506.9 million, including capital expenditures of $147 million (FY01/02 )		 -
Capital Mbabane; note - Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital -
Climate varies from tropical to near temperate tropical
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 74.1 km
Constitution none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but was not formally presented to the people; since then a few more outlines for a constitution have been compiled under the Constitutional Review Commission (CRC), but so far none have been accepted -
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland


conventional short form: Swaziland		 conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Currency lilangeni (SZL) -
Death rate 23.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Debt - external $336 million (2001 est.) -
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador James D. McGEE


embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane


mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane


telephone: [268] 404-6441 through 404-6445


FAX: [268] 404-5959		 none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Madzandza KANYA


chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 362-6683


FAX: [1] (202) 244-8059		 none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international Swaziland continues to press South Africa into ceding ethnic Swazi lands in Kangwane region of KwaZulu-Natal province that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Economic aid - recipient $104 million (2001) -
Economy - overview In this small landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. Manufacturing features a number of agroprocessing factories. Mining has declined in importance in recent years: diamond mines have shut down because of the depletion of easily accessible reserves; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978; and health concerns have cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of soft drink concentrate, sugar, and wood pulp are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends more than two-thirds of its exports. Remittances from the Southern African Customs Union and Swazi workers in South African mines substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. Prospects for 2002 are strengthened by the country's status as a beneficiary of the US African Growth and Opportunity Act initiative. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 900.66 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 564 million kWh


note: supplied by South Africa (2000)		 -
Electricity - production 362 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 56%


hydro: 44%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m


highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups African 97%, European 3% -
Exchange rates emalangeni per US dollar - 11.5808 (January 2002), 8.4933 (2001), 6.9056 (2000), 6.1087 (1999), 5.4807 (1998), 4.6032 (1997); note - the Swazi lilangeni is at par with the South African rand; emalangeni is the plural form of lilangeni -
Executive branch chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)


head of government: Prime Minister Sibusiso Barnabas DLAMINI (since 9 August 1996)


cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch		 -
Exports $702 million f.o.b. (2001) -
Exports - commodities soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit -
Exports - partners South Africa 72%, EU 12%, UK 6%, Mozambique 4%, US 4% (1999) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally the flag of Australia is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.6 billion (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 10%


industry: 43%


services: 47% (1999 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,200 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2001 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 26 30 S, 31 30 E 12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Highways total: 3,800 km


paved: 1,064 km


unpaved: 2,736 km (2002)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports $850 million f.o.b. (2001) -
Imports - commodities motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals -
Imports - partners South Africa 89%, EU 5%, Japan 2%, Singapore 2% (2000) -
Independence 6 September 1968 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate 3.7% (FY95/96) -
Industries mining (coal), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel -
Infant mortality rate 109.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.5% (2001 est.) -
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 6 (2001) -
Irrigated land 690 sq km (1998 est.) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch -
Labor force NA -
Labor force - by occupation NA -
Land boundaries total: 535 km


border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km		 0 km
Land use arable land: 9.77%


permanent crops: 0.7%


other: 89.53% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)
Languages English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official) -
Legal system based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Assembly - last held 16 and 24 October 1998 (next to be held NA 2003)


election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 37 years


male: 36.35 years


female: 37.66 years (2002 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 78.3%


male: 78%


female: 78.4% (1999 est.)		 -
Location Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia, south of the Indonesian half of Timor island
Map references Africa Southeast Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone: 12 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Military branches Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $20 million (FY01/02) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.75% (FY00/01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 253,510 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 146,805 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 6 September (1968) -
Nationality noun: Swazi(s)


adjective: Swazi		 -
Natural hazards drought surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
People - note - the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Political parties and leaders political parties are banned by the constitution - the following are considered political associations - Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Libertatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 1,123,605


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)		 no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.63% (2002 est.) -
Ports and harbors none none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 2 plus 4 repeaters, shortwave 3 (2001) -
Radios 170,000 (1999) -
Railways total: 297 km


narrow gauge: 297 km 1.067-m gauge


note: includes 71 km which are not in use (2001)		 -
Religions Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age -
Telephone system general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system


domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 38,500 (2001) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 45,000 (2001) -
Television broadcast stations 5 plus 7 relay stations (2001) -
Terrain mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate 5.77 children born/woman (2002 est.) -
Unemployment rate 34% (2000 est.) -
Waterways none none
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